Programming paradigms

Programming paradigms and examples of languages

Programming language paradigms

• imperative -> how
  • procedural: c
  • object oriented: java
  • parallel processing: java
• declarative -> what
  • logic: prolog
  • functional: lisp
  • database: SQL

Programming languages types

The way it's translated to machine code

• interpreted e.g: python, js
• compiled e.g: c, cpp, go
• assembly e.g: x86, Mips, Arm

Similarity to machine

• high level language
• low level language
• machine language

Notes

Assembly languages are processor-dependent

What is a programming language

a set of instructions, commands and other syntax used to create a software program

what ?

it's a way is the way of programming

types

• imperative
  • procedural
  • object oriented
• functional
  • logical
  • mathematical
  • functional

Types of programming languages

• Low-level programming languages
  • machine language === machine code === object code
  • assembly language
• High-level programming languages
  • procedural
  • object-oriented
  • natural language
• World Wide Web display languages
• Database programming languages
• Data-oriented languages
• Business-oriented languages
• Education-oriented languages
• Scripting languages
• Computational languages
• Numerical analysis languages

Notes

• assembly language uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language.
• The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language.
• The advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program.
• The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read, write, and maintain.
• The advantage of PP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.
• The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute, maintain, modify, as well as debug.
• The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds.

procedural programming

• derived from structured programming.
• based on structured programming.
• based upon the procedure call concept.
• a program is made of procedures.
• any procedure can be called anytime during execution.
• It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions.

procedures: given computational steps that need to be carried out

object oriented programming

• based upon the objects.
• programs are divided into small parts called objects.
• used to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, etc in the program to makes the program reusable, efficient, and easy-to-use.

functional programming

• based upon functions

logical programming

• we write sentences in logical form

Natural language

• part of human languages such as English, Russian, German, and Japanese.
• used by machines to understand, manipulate, and interpret human's language.
• used by developers to perform tasks such as translation, automatic summarization, Named Entity Recognition (NER), relationship extraction, and topic segmentation.

Generations of programming languages

1. machine
2. assembly
3. procedural
4. non-procedural
5. visual or graphical development interface

Q&A

what is imperative programming

instructing the machine how to change its state

What is a language

• a type of communication for sharing ideas

Notes

• i don't really know what functional programming is
• procedural programming
• a paradigm is a perspective(a way to look at a problem) not a tool (the language you use to solve a problem)

Sources

• video